what was the international cotton exchange and why was it important to georgia
| International Cotton wool Exposition (I.C.E.) | |
|---|---|
 Contemporary rendering of the Exposition | |
| Overview | |
| BIE-form | Unrecognized exposition |
| Name | International Cotton Exposition (I.C.E.) |
| Visitors | 250,000 |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| City | Atlanta, Georgia |
| Venue | along the Western & Atlantic Railroad tracks near the present-day King Plow Arts Heart development |
| Timeline | |
| Opening | October five, 1881 |
| Closure | December 31, 1881 |
International Cotton Exposition (I.C.E.) was a world's off-white held in Atlanta, Georgia, from Oct 4 to December 31 of 1881. The location was along the Western & Atlantic Railroad tracks near the present-day Rex Plow Arts Center development in the Due west Midtown expanse. It planned to show the progress made since the metropolis's destruction during the Boxing of Atlanta and new developments in cotton fiber production. It demonstrated the rebirth of Atlanta and the South by announcing an end to the Reconstruction Era and the exclusive hostilities that had plagued the nation for several decades.[1]
Placed a short train ride from downtown, it was designed so that the largest building could later exist used as a cotton fiber mill (see Exposition Cotton fiber Mills). A quarter of a million people attended, generating between $220,000 and $250,000 in receipts, split evenly betwixt sales and gate receipts.
Founding [edit]
The idea of belongings such an exhibition in the S was first suggested by Edward Atkinson of New York, who in August 1880 wrote a letter to a New York periodical discussing the great waste incident to the methods and so in use in the gathering and handling of the cotton ingather and suggested the exhibition, to bring all of those interested in the product of this peachy Southern staple for the purpose of improvement. The Atlanta Constitution republished the letter and urged the importance of some activeness in regard thereto.
A few weeks after the publication of this letter it was announced that Atkinson was about to brand a Southern trip for the purpose of putting the suggestion into form. H. I. Kimball, existence impressed with the importance of the enterprise and personally acquainted with Atkinson, invited him to Atlanta to address the people on the subject. Atkinson accepted this invitation, and at the solicitation of many prominent citizens of Atlanta he delivered, on October 28, 1880, an accost in the state Senate sleeping room, in which he advocated Atlanta equally the proper place in which to hold a cotton exhibition, such equally would outcome in devising improved methods in the cultivation of the cotton wool too equally to be a stimulus to the entire industrial development of this department.
Early that November, James W. Nagle and J. W. Ryckman came to Atlanta to ascertain what action the citizens proposed to take in the matter. At their suggestion several preliminary meetings were held. A committee consisting of Governor A.H. Colquitt, Mayor West.50. Calhoun, ex-Governor R.B. Bullock, and J.West. Ryckman was appointed to set a plan for preliminary organization, which resulted in the germination of such an organization and the election of Senator Joseph E. Brownish, president; Samuel M. Inman, treasurer; and Ryckman, secretary.
Incorporation [edit]
In Feb 1881, the bedroom of commerce proposed and a corporation was organized under the full general law, and a charter was obtained from the courtroom. The Atlanta incorporators were those in a higher place plus R.F. Maddox, Benjamin E. Crane, Evan P. Howell, M.C. Kiser, Robert J. Lowry, Sidney Root, Campbell Wallace, J.F. Cummings, West.P. Inman, J.C. Peck, Fifty.P. Grant, Westward.A. Moore, Thou.J. Foreacre, Richard Peters and E.P. Chamberlin. Associated with them were citizens of several other counties in Georgia and of united states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North and Southward Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Missouri, Massachusetts, New York, Maine, Rhode Island and of London, England. Thus equipped the new enterprise commenced active operations.
At first it was only contemplated that the exposition should exist confined to cotton fiber and all pertaining thereto, in its civilization, transportation, manufacture, etc. The capital stock of the corporation was originally fixed at $100,000 in shares of $100. As the work avant-garde, however, and as the country became interested in the subject, it was decided to open its doors for the admission of all products from every department, and the uppercase stock was therefore to $200,000. H.I Kimball was elected chairman of the 25 member executive committee whose mission was to enhance the money.
Information technology was believed if Atlanta subscribed i-third the amount required, other cities interested in the successes of the enterprise would contribute the balance. A sheet of the urban center was made, and in one day the amount proportioned to Atlanta was secured. Kimball was authorized to visit Northern cities and endeavor to interest them in the undertaking. He visited New York and secured subscriptions to two hundred and 50-three shares of stock ($25,300); Boston took sixty shares; Baltimore, 40-viii; Norfolk, VA buying 20-v; Philadelphia, xl-3; Cincinnati, seventy-ix. The gratifying result of Kimball's work in the North and the apparent interest manifested by the whole country caused the executive committee to accept firsthand steps to put the whole work of organizing and conducting the enterprise in hand. Kimball was named managing director-general and CEO.
The Cotton Expo. was a very strong for the economy of Atlanta. It proved to everyone that Georgia was the state of the s.
Construction begins [edit]
Oglethorpe Park was selected as the site of the exposition. It belonged to the city and was located two and 1 one-half miles northwest from the railroad depot, and on the line of the Western & Atlantic Railroad. This park was originally laid out and improved under the direction of Kimball, in 1870 for the apply of agricultural fairs, only the work of adapting the grounds and erecting the necessary buildings for the exposition was not an piece of cake task. The work was begun under Kimball's direction and rapidly pushed to completion and made ready in ample time for the opening of the exposition.
The main building was synthetic after a general model of a cotton fiber factory, as suggested by Atkinson, the form existence a Greek cantankerous, the transept nearly half the length, the agronomical and carriage annexes extending along the southern side, and the mineral and woods department forming an annex at the extreme western end of the edifice. Its extreme length was seven hundred and xx feet, the length of the ship four hundred feet, and the width of the arms ninety-six feet. The dimensions of the remaining main buildings were as follows:
- Railroad building, 200x100 feet
- Railroad annexes, 40x60 and 40x100 anxiety
- Agronomical implement edifice 96x288 feet
- Carriage addendum, 96x212 feet
- Art and industry building, 520x60 feet
- Guess's hall, 90x120 feet
- Horticultural hall, 40x80 feet
- Restaurant, 100x200 feet
There were several other buildings, as the Florida edifice, press pavilion, constabulary headquarters, etc., and quite a number of individuals or collective exhibitors erected buildings for themselves.
Opening [edit]
The exposition was opened on Oct v, 1881, and the occasion formed a memorable 24-hour interval in the history of Atlanta. The event was attended by many governors, senators, and congressmen; and addresses were made by Kimball, Governor Colquitt, North Carolina Senator Z.B. Vance, and Indiana Senator D.Westward. Voorhees.
The exposition was a success in every way. The entire number of exhibits was 1,113, of which the Southern States contributed more than than half; New England and Middle States, 341; Western States, 138; and strange, 7. The gross receipts were $262,513, and the total disbursements $258,475. The average daily attendance was three,816 for the seventy-half-dozen days it was open. The largest number of admissions on any i day occurred on December seven, Planters' Day, when in that location were 10,293.
Governor's Day, October 27, 1881, was another of import day to the exposition a few days later on opening day. It was a celebratory day for the governor and a mural was unveiled to represent the new South. J.H Moser was the artist and named his mural "The New Southward Welcoming the Nations of the World." The painting was highly admired by those who had the gamble to see it. The mural was actually never institute and no images of the painting were ever recovered simply should be acknowledged, since the prototype summed upwardly the message intended by the exposition. At that place were many written detailed descriptions of the landscape past viewers and newspapers. The image was centered effectually an attractive brunette girl with the American flag wrapped effectually her. She is depicted with one hand pointing towards the exhibit, on her right, while having her other hand above a bale of cotton. In a higher place her, Uncle Sam is shown also welcoming the visitors. Columbia is in the background displayed with a grinning of approval and Clio is shown with a pen fix to keep record of this special event. The image besides included African Americans in a cotton field picking the staples.[two]
The exposition also demonstrated the cotton gins in activeness and on Governor'due south 24-hour interval the machines were set up to make two suits. A automobile would first choice the cotton straight from Oglethorpe'southward field in the morning and from there it was taken to a Cromptom loom. In the Cromptom loom it was woven into cloth and taken to the primary edifice, the Wheeler and Wilson showroom. At the end of the day two professional suits would be created and tailored for the governor to wear in the evening. The whole process was exhibited in the exposition and done in only ane day. On Governor'due south Day the two governors of the North and South wore their freshly made suits to the ball clad. This was seen as a huge milestone for the union of the North and South. [three]The Exposition Cotton Mills were opened on the site in 1882 and remained in operation until 1969.[4]
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1902 volume, Atlanta And Its Builders by Thomas H. Martin
Run across also [edit]
- World Cotton wool Centennial, 1884 in New Orleans
- Piedmont Exposition, 1887 in Atlanta
- Cotton fiber States and International Exposition, 1895 in Atlanta
References [edit]
- Cook, Louise D. Guide to the Manuscript Collections of the Atlanta Historical Society, 1976
- Martin, Thomas H., Atlanta And Its Builders, 1902
- Newman, Harvey Thousand. "Cotton Expositions in Atlanta." New Georgia Encyclopedia, September 27, 2004.
Notes [edit]
- ^ Prince, K. Stephen (2008). "A Rebel Yell for Yankee Doodle: Selling the New South at the 1881 Atlanta International Cotton Exposition". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 92 (three): 340–371. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
- ^ Prince, K. Stephen (2008). "A Rebel Yell for Yankee Doodle: Selling the New Southward at the 1881 Atlanta International Cotton wool Exposition". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 92 (3): 340–371. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40585070.
- ^ Prince, Grand. Stephen (2008). "A Rebel Yell for Yankee Doodle: Selling the New South at the 1881 Atlanta International Cotton Exposition". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 92 (iii): 340–371. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40585070.
- ^ Melt, p.42
Coordinates: 33°47′04″North 84°24′57″W / 33.784457°N 84.41574°W / 33.784457; -84.41574
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cotton_Exposition
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